PERSONAL INVENTORY:
Instructions: Write the numbers 1-20 on a blank sheet of paper, and listen to the lecture summarizing some of the important information from our series on materials engineering. Each one of the twenty (20) statements below has one or more blank, which can be completed with a word(s) to make a true statement. Write the approved solution for each statement after the number for that paragraph on your paper. You do NOT have to write out the complete statement–just the word(s) to fill in the blank(s).
- _______________ is one of the earliest and most useful human discoveries. Our ancestors used it to protect themselves from the elements. Primitive people hunted wild animals for food, then made clothing, footwear and crude tents from the hides. Like then, hides used today are a by-product. Animals are raised for the meat, dairy and wool industries, not for their hides.
- From the dawn of human existence, materials have been fundamental to the development of civilization. Anthropologists define the historical epochs by the materials used by the different civilizations such as the Stone, __________, ____________ and Iron ages. The different rates of progression towards more sophisticated materials between cultural groups correlated with different levels of innovation and the local availability of those materials, and led to varying standards of living.
- The ____________s used concrete extensively from 300 BC to 476 AD, a span of more than seven hundred years.
- The word _____________ is derived from a Greek word, which means “having to do with pottery.”
- The _________________ lasted until about 3,300 B.C. when the Bronze Age began. It is usually defined as the era of human development in which stone tools and weapons were used.
- In the Second millennium B.C.E. – _____________ was used for weapons and armor The introduction of this material was significant for every civilization that encountered it. Tools, weapons, armor, and various building materials like decorative tiles made of it were harder and more durable than their stone and copper (“Chalcolithic”) predecessors.
- Bronze was made from the ores of __________ and _________.
- _____________ (chemical symbol Fe, from the Latin word ferrum, atomic number 26) is the second most abundant metal (after aluminum) in the Earth’s crust and the most abundant element (in terms of mass) in the Earth as a whole.
- ______________ is a metal alloy whose major component is iron, with carbon content between 0.02 and 1.7 percent by weight. Carbon is the most cost-effective alloying material for iron, but many other alloying elements are also used.
- In 1909 – Leo Baekeland invented ___________, a hard, thermosetting ____________.
- In 1912 – Harry Brearley invented _______________. this type of steel contains a minimum of ten percent chromium, often combined with nickel, to resist corrosion (rust). Some types are nonmagnetic.
- Most types of this ______________ share three general characteristics. First, it is a softwood and comparable to pine in terms of its hardness. It is also a stable wood, not prone to either expansion with changes in temperature and moisture or to cracking. That combination helps make cedar easy to work and reliable in applications such as furniture. It is in general is also noted for its aromatic qualities.
- ______________ is a preservative process that helps wood withstand the elements and wards off termites, microorganisms and fungal decay. Lumber treated in this manner can last 20 years or more.
- ________________ is a metal with good strength-to-weight ratio, light, soft, ductile, good conductor of heat and electricity. Resistant to corrosion. Uses: Kitchen equipment, window frames, general cast components.
- Typically modern _________________ is 88% copper and 12% tin.
- _________________ is useful for its properties of being ductile and corrosion resistant. Historically, it has been used for plating iron and brass, coating chemistry equipment, and manufacturing certain alloys that retain a high silvery polish, such as German silver. About 9% of world production of this metal is still used for corrosion-resistant plating.
- ________________ is an alloy of iron and carbon and other elements. Because of its high tensile strength and low cost, it is a major component used in buildings, infrastructure, tools, ships, automobiles, machines, appliances, and weapons. Today, it is one of the most common man-made materials in the world, with more than 1.6 billion tons produced annually.
- _________________– is often used in compact discs, eyeglasses, riot shields, security windows, traffic lights and lenses. It is an incredibly useful plastic for applications requiring transparency and high impact resistance. It is a lighter alternative to glass and a natural UV filter, so it is often used in eyewear.
- _______________is the most commonly used man-made material on earth. It is an important construction material used extensively in buildings, bridges, roads and dams. It is a relatively cheap material and has a relatively long life with few maintenance requirements. It is strong in compression, but susceptible to cracking. Before it hardens it is a very pliable substance that can easily be shaped.
- _____________ can take a good polish. It is available in different pleasing colors like white and pink. Michelangelo’s David is carved from a block of this stone, as are many Greek and Roman statues. It has traditionally been used for high quality finishes, flooring and staircases in the grandest buildings.